The basic block diagram of the 100 kw solar plant is shown in fig 1. However, the power output from the pv system relies on climatic factors such as the solar radiation, the ambient tem perature, wind speed and the state of the pv module cell material, ageing. Solar photovoltaic pv systems an overview figure 1. If the solar cell could simultaneously deliver the v oc and i sc the power. V oc is the maximum voltage that can be generated by solar cell. A solar energy proposal for the university of kansas. Solar power plants require a large area of land to efficiently absorb solar energy. As a result of proven technology, the system is highly efficient and maintenance free. Part ii aims to cover all the physical fundamentals that are required for understanding solar cells in general and the different technologies in particular. Solar energy is also used on a small scale for purposes other than those described above. The top five photovoltaic pvproducing countries are china, germany, japan, taiwan, and the u. Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics pv, indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.
After discussing some basics from electrodynamics in chapter 4 and solar radiation in. Solar energy test questions 2020 pdf file download. Organizational matters escaperoutesescape routes meeting point in case of a fire alarm toilets smoking area please mute your cell phonesor switch them off badges solar academy contact data. Achieving project completion on time and within budget with a power plant that operates efficiently and reliably, and generates the expected energy. The solar power plant operates on the principle of photovoltaic effect, direct voltage and current are generated in solar cells. Solar reflector one of the reflectors at the solar two power plant, mojave desert, calif. Solar power generation technologies are important for pro. The combined power supply feeds all the loads connected to the main acdb. The system is designed to international standards to ensure that you have years of troublefree operations. The principle of solar power plants is quite simple. Solar panel manufacturing plant, detailed project report. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.
Working principles of solar and other energy conversion cells. In some countries, for instance, solar energy is used to produce salt from seawater by evaporation. Photovoltaics converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. Solar energy technologies concentrating solar power csp plants use mirrors to concentrate the suns thermal energy to drive a conventional steam turbine to make electricity. Large scale solar power plant in arizona adjacent to a natural gas power plant ch2m hill design 50 mw solar pv plant. In japan potential opportunities of collaboration between japanese and european firms jonathan arias. The total solar pv array installed capacity is 100kw. Similarly, solar powered desalination units transform salt water into drinking water by. Its potential is 178 billion mw, which is about 20,000 times the world.
Feasibility study for development of utility scale solar. The fill factor of solar cell always should be as high as possible to extract maximum power from solar cell. They are either cut from a single crystal rod or from a block composed of many crystals and are correspondingly called monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Parabolic trough solar thermal system 354 mw largest csp facility in the world. The manual is with adequate information and guidelines to be used in training for engineers working in solar pv or with interest to work in the sector. Before the industrial revolution, the main source of energy was wood and biomass, which is a secondary form of solar energy. Pv energy is a very effective solution for renewable energy. A building has two parallel power supplies, one from the solar pv system and the other from the power grid. Solar photovoltaic systems are becoming more popular compared to wind power plants due to availability of abundant solar irradiation throughout the year and decreasing cost of pv panels. The solar park integrates multiple utilityscale solar power plants equipped with various solar. The electrical energy generated from solar modules, colloquially referred to as solar power, is an example of solar energy.
This volume of training manual for engineers on solar pv system consist of technical details required for feasibility study, designing and implementation of institutional solar photovoltaic systems. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. There are various semiconductor materials used by solar cells manufactures. Solar energy test questions 2020 pdf file download nts. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. Pv and solar thermal collector module frames solar mounting systems attach the solar panel array to either the ground or rooftop for residential and commercial applications. Fuel cells in america 2015, 2014, 20, 2012, 2011 and 2010 editions. Solar thermal power plants employ sunlight directly to generate electricity. Solar plant site selection criteria solar radiation and its measurement techniques solar power plant view, panel installation and equipment description technical details of solar cell data of current research work on solar cell efficiencies.
For rooftop installations, a variety of frame designs are used depending on whether the system is mounted to a pitched or flat. The ratio of solar pv supply to power grid supply varies, depending on the size of the solar pv system. In fact, this graph shows the growth of photovoltaic solar at almost 50% over that five year span. Factors influencing the performance of a photovoltaic. Solar energy represents the highest growth rate during this time period and continues to grow as technology increases and photovoltaic pv cells become more efficient at capturing solar energy. A solar thermal power plant was already constructed close to cairo at the beginning of the 20th century. The biggest solar projects in africa power technology. It is the biggest concentrated solar power plant project in the world.
A solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics pv, or indirectly using concentrated solar power csp. Finally, the paper presents the performance variation of a photovoltaic power plan simulated by a computer program, when two of the key system factors change their value. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses, mirrors, and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Pdf an approximate design of a 100mw solar power plant. Using parabolic mirrors, the power plant captured and concentrated solar energy and used it to heat oil for boiling water. Sahara desert is sufficient in order to meet the worlds electricity requirements with solar thermal power plants. Solar power plant main components, working, advantages. The data can be represented in both tabular and graphical form. The degree of influence was determined by analyzing the losses they cause to the system, during their variation.
Fundamentals of solar cells phys 6980 fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and varieties of solar energy energizing ohio for the 21st century. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. This means that certain locations where there is less sun are workable for a solar power plant. Thus, as an entrepreneur, solar module production offers an exciting opportunity to you. One possibility is the optimization of the components used.
Nevertheless, large commercial concentrating solar thermal power plants have been generating electricity at a reasonable cost for more than 15 years and some new solar thermal power plants are. Assemblies of photovoltaic cells are used to make solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight, as distinguished from a solar thermal module or solar hot water panel. Although the solar energy is free of charge, the plant needs to operate costefficiently in order to compete with conventional coal, gas, and nuclear energy. These plants are only as effective as the amount of solar energy they can absorb. Compared to radiation levels in other countries, thailand has more potential than other countries in the region and only closely lags behind the united states and australia. In this project we use the solar energy for generation of electrical energy, by using the solar cells. Solar electric system design, operation and installation. As solar power plant s main aim is to supply good amount of power when a person needs it the most. To view adobe portable document format pdf files, you need the free adobe reader software from. Demand for solar energy solar cell production grew 85% in 2008. The pv modules consists of several solar cells which convert the energy of the sunlight directly into electricity, and are connected in series to provide desired levels of dc current and voltage. According to the carnots theorem that is a result of the second law of thermodynamics, the energy conversion efficiency of heat engines is low. In this process, our input materials are mgsilicon.
Solar cell, module, array and solar generator figure 6. Shading one cell will essentially turn off all the cells in its group. To overcome these problems an innovative idea has come in front for installation of solar power plants on the water that is canal tops, water bodies, lakes, dam backwater and reservoirs, which generally belongs to the government. Areas of the world with high pollution or cloud cover are also not good locations. The estimated shortage of power in india is about 20 gw. This project report is to estimate and calculate the approximate design of a 1mw solar pv power plant utility scale so that we can come out with an approximate design of a 100mw solar pv power plant.
All the necessary auxiliary facilities of the power plant like plant monitoring system, safety equipments, instrumentation, control system etc. The upper surface of the generationtransmission panel is covered with solar cells, and the lower surface mounts transmitting phased array antenna elements and solar cells. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light individual solar cell devices can be. In spite of certain drawbacks, the solar power plants make the right use of the suns energy and have till date been successful in supplying electricity all over the world. Solar power thailand has great solar potential, especially in the middle and northeastern part of the country, which benefit from strong yearround solar radiation levels. Pdf solar energy is important for all countries due to increasing energy needs. While the majority of operating solar projects is in developed economies, the drop in. However, more than 90 % of the solar cells currently made worldwide consist of waferbased silicon cells.
Solar power plant simple english wikipedia, the free. An assessment of solar energy conversion technologies and. Sun sends out energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Planning and design of pv power plants bea solar expert.
With onetime investment, the solar powerpack provides the prudent way of managing the energy costs in an ecofriendly way. Pv panel generates electricity with the help of photovoltaic effect 6. Working principles of solar and other energy conversion cells liu, wang, wang and yang 4 into electrical energy. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and varieties of. Also solar power plants are installed as back up of electricity. In this study, the production of solar cells and solar panels was demonstrated. The energy produced by each solar cell is very small, but combining the energy of 35 of them we have got enough energy to charge a 12 volt battery. There are two main types of solar power systems, namely, solar. Gcep solar energy technology assessment summer 2006. Solar power installed capacity scenarioglobal, national and state level benefits of solar power. The thermal energy concentrated in a csp plant can be stored and used to produce electricity when it is needed, day or night. I sc is the maximum current through the solar cell. Solar cell productivity has something to do with the size of the cells and each solar board or cells have a proficiency rating dependent on standard tests when they were fabricated. Power plants which use the solar energy hereinafter referred to as.
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